GENE SYNTHESIS SERVICES

• ProteoGenix has developed a unique codon optimization algorithm based on experimental data.
• Most of amino acids are encoded by multiple codons that are called synonymous codons. However, specific codons are used more often than others during gene translation. This phenomenon is called the codon usage bias and is species specific. So, as a result of the redundancy of the genetic code, rare codons can be replaced by codons that are more abundant in the genes of the host organism, without changing the amino acid sequence of the protein, per se. ProteoGenix’s Codon Optimization Tool leverages a codon bias strategy and additional parameters like GC content, repetitive sequences, avoiding restriction sites and mRNA secondary structure.
• Applications of codon optimization include:

1. Ease of DNA Synthesis: ProteoGenix’ Complimentary Codon Optimization Tool, while accounting for natural codon bias and synthesis complexity, significantly enhances the efficiency of designing customized synthetic genes.
2. Recombinant protein production in a repertoire of expression systems: Codon optimization is essential for recombinant protein production as it allows easy gene subcloning steps and enables gene expression as well as yields improvement.. The heterologous expression of recombinant proteins is a critical aspect of modern biotechnology and biomedicine.
3. Gene therapy: Gene therapy, leveraging codon optimization, is being applied to treat multiple conditions including Duchene muscular dystrophy (Athanasopoulos, T et al, 2011) and Hepatitis C (Frelin L et al, 2004).
4. Genetic immunization: An immune response can be obtained by injecting the gene encoding the antigen directly into the animals. In this way, DNA vaccine is a perfect tool when a protein is difficult to express or purify. Genetic immunization using DNA vaccines requires the high expression of the gene of interest. It has been demonstrated that wild type genes generate a low or moderate levels of immune response as compared to genes that have been codon-optimized (Stratford et al., 2000; Uchijima et al., 1998). In addition, while adjuvants are known to enhance the immune responses in the case of recombinant protein vaccines, no such adjuvants are in the case of DNA vaccines, resulting in the poor performance of the DNA vaccines in larger animals. Engineering CpG islands into DNA vaccines has on the other hand enhanced the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines (Krieg et al., 1998). Thus, customized DNA synthesis and gene assembly can add considerable value.

Gene subcloning into one of our vector or directly into yours

Site-directed mutagenesis from any existing template provided

• ProteoGenix can provide gene variant libraries with changes in one or several positions to optimize protein expression. This service can be very useful for high-throughput screening for applications such as protein engineering (change/mutation of AAs in one or several positions).

• As a leading gene synthesis manufacturer, ProteoGenix also offers endotoxin free plasmid amplification services. Indeed, after gene optimization and gene cloning, it is usually necessary to amplify the construction in order to have endotoxin free plasmid available in sufficient amounts for experiments.

• Bicc1 Polymerization Regulates the Localization and Silencing of Bound mRNA Benjamin Rothé,a Lucia Leal-Esteban,a Florian Bernet,a Séverine Urfer,a Nicholas Doerr,b Thomas Weimbs,b Justyna Iwaszkiewicz,c and Daniel B. Constama
• Fine Mapping and Characterization of the L-Polymerase-Binding Domain of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Phosphoprotein Julien Sourimant,a,c Marie-Anne Rameix-Welti,a,c,d Anne-Laure Gaillard,a Didier Chevret,b Marie Galloux,a Elyanne Gault,c,d and Jean-François Eléouëta

• Matthias Canault,1,2,3 Dorsaf Ghalloussi,1,2,3 Charlotte Grosdidier,1,2,3 Marie Guinier,4 Claire Perret,5,6,7 Nadjim Chelghoum,4 Marine Germain,5,6,7 Hana Raslova,8 Franck Peiretti,1,2,3 Pierre E. Morange,1,2,3 Noemie Saut,1,2,3 Xavier Pillois,9,10 Alan T. Nurden,10 François Cambien,5,6,7 Anne Pierres,3,11,12 Timo K. van den Berg,13 Taco W. Kuijpers,13 Marie-Christine Alessi,1,2,3 and David-Alexandre Tregouet5,6,7. Interaction of a Partially Disordered Antisigma Factor with Its Partner, the Signaling Domain of the TonB-Dependent Transporter HasR.
• Idir Malki,1,2,3 Catherine Simenel,1,2 Halina Wojtowicz,1,2 Gisele Cardoso de Amorim,1,2 Ada Prochnicka-Chalufour,1,2 Sylviane Hoos,4 Bertrand Raynal,4 Patrick England,4 Alain Chaffotte,1,2 Muriel Delepierre,1,2 Philippe Delepelaire,5 and Nadia Izadi-Pruneyre1,2. Kinetics of nif Gene Expression in a Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium.
• César Poza-Carrión, Emilio Jiménez-Vicente, Mónica Navarro-Rodríguez, Carlos Echavarri-Erasun, and Luis M. Rubio. Bacterial cytoplasm as an effective cell compartment for producing functional VHH-based affinity reagents and Camelidae IgG-like recombinant antibodies
• Selma Djender, Aurelie Schneider, Anne Beugnet, Ronan Crepin, Klervi Even Desrumeaux, Chiara Romani, Sandrine Moutel, Franck Perez, and Ario de Marco

• Davita Pillay,1,* Julien Izotte,1 Regassa Fikru,2,3,4 Philipe Büscher,3 Hermogenes Mucache,5 Luis Neves,5 Alain Boulangé,5,7 Momar Talla Seck,6 Jérémy Bouyer,6,7,8Grant B. Napier,9 Cyrille Chevtzoff,10 Virginie Coustou,1 and Théo Baltz1. α-Catenin and Vinculin Cooperate to Promote High E-cadherin-based Adhesion Strength.
• William A. Thomas,a,b Cécile Boscher,c,d,1 Yeh-Shiu Chu,e,2 Damien Cuvelier,f Clara Martinez-Rico,b Rima Seddiki,c,d,g Julie Heysch,b Benoit Ladoux,g,h Jean Paul Thiery,e,h,i,j,3 René-Marc Mege,c,d,3 and Sylvie Dufourb,3,4

• Recognition of Multivalent Histone States Associated with Heterochromatin by UHRF1 Protein
• Nataliya Nady, Alexander Lemak,,1 John R. Walker,,1 George V. Avvakumov,,1 Michael S. Kareta,,1 Mayada Achour, Sheng Xue, Shili Duan, Abdellah Allali-Hassani, Xiaobing Zuo, Yun-Xing Wang, Christian Bronner, Frédéric Chédin, Cheryl H. Arrowsmith,,2 and Sirano Dhe-Paganon