Recombinant Bovine viral diarrhea virus/BVDV Envelope glycoprotein E2 Protein, N-His

Description of Recombinant Bovine viral diarrhea virus/BVDV Envelope glycoprotein E2 Protein, N-His

Introduction

The Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) is a highly contagious pathogen that causes significant economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. The virus belongs to the Pestivirus genus within the Flaviviridae family and is responsible for a wide range of clinical symptoms, including diarrhea, respiratory disease, reproductive disorders, and immunosuppression. The envelope glycoprotein E2 is one of the major structural proteins of BVDV and plays a crucial role in viral entry and pathogenesis. In recent years, recombinant BVDV E2 protein has emerged as a promising antigen for the development of diagnostic tools and vaccines against BVDV infections.

Structure of Recombinant BVDV E2 Protein

The BVDV E2 protein is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 50 kDa. It is composed of 370 amino acids and is heavily glycosylated, with up to 25% of its mass being carbohydrates. The protein consists of three distinct domains: the N-terminal ectodomain, the transmembrane domain, and the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. The ectodomain contains two highly conserved regions, E2a and E2b, which are involved in receptor binding and fusion with host cells. The transmembrane domain anchors the protein in the viral envelope, while the cytoplasmic tail interacts with other viral proteins to facilitate viral assembly and release.

Activity of Recombinant BVDV E2 Protein

The BVDV E2 protein is a multifunctional protein that plays a critical role in the viral life cycle. It is involved in virus attachment and entry into host cells by interacting with specific receptors on the cell surface. The E2 protein also plays a role in viral replication and assembly by mediating the formation of viral particles. Additionally, the E2 protein is a major target for the host immune response, and antibodies against this protein can neutralize viral infectivity and provide protection against BVDV infection.

Application of Recombinant BVDV E2 Protein

The recombinant BVDV E2 protein has been widely used in the development of diagnostic tests for BVDV infections. It can be produced in large quantities using recombinant DNA technology and used as an antigen in serological assays, such as ELISA and virus neutralization tests, to detect the presence of BVDV-specific antibodies in serum samples. The E2 protein has also been used in the development of vaccines against BVDV. Recombinant E2 protein-based vaccines have been shown to induce a strong immune response and provide protection against BVDV infection in cattle.

Diagnostic Uses

The recombinant BVDV E2 protein has been used in the development of diagnostic kits for the detection of BVDV-specific antibodies. These kits are highly sensitive and specific, and can be used for the routine surveillance of BVDV infections in cattle herds. The E2 protein has also been used in the development of point-of-care tests, which can provide rapid and accurate results in the field.

Vaccine Development

The recombinant BVDV E2 protein has been used as an antigen in the development of subunit vaccines against BVDV. These vaccines have the advantage of being safe, as they do not contain live or inactivated viruses, and can be produced at a large scale. They have been shown to induce a strong immune response and provide protection against BVDV infection in cattle. The E2 protein has also been used in the development of DNA vaccines, which have the potential to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses.</p