Recombinant Human GNAQ Protein, N-His

Description of Recombinant Human GNAQ Protein, N-His

Introduction

Recombinant Human GNAQ Protein, also known as Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha, is a protein that plays a crucial role in signal transduction pathways. This protein is encoded by the GNAQ gene and is a member of the G protein alpha q subfamily. It is involved in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. In this article, we will discuss the structure, activity, and applications of Recombinant Human GNAQ Protein.

Structure of Recombinant Human GNAQ Protein

The GNAQ gene is located on chromosome 9q21.11 and consists of 13 exons. The mRNA transcript of this gene is approximately 1.7 kb in length and encodes a protein of 359 amino acids. The protein has a molecular weight of 42 kDa and is composed of four distinct structural domains: the N-terminal alpha helical domain, the switch I and II regions, and the C-terminal alpha helical domain.

The N-terminal alpha helical domain of Recombinant Human GNAQ Protein is responsible for binding to the receptor and initiating the signaling cascade. The switch I and II regions are involved in the binding and hydrolysis of GTP, which is crucial for the activation and deactivation of the protein. The C-terminal alpha helical domain plays a role in the interaction with downstream effector molecules.

Activity of Recombinant Human GNAQ Protein

Recombinant Human GNAQ Protein is a member of the Gq subfamily of G proteins, which are heterotrimeric proteins composed of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. These proteins act as molecular switches, cycling between an inactive GDP-bound state and an active GTP-bound state. When a ligand binds to a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), it causes a conformational change in the receptor that leads to the activation of G proteins.

Once activated, Recombinant Human GNAQ Protein binds to GTP and dissociates from the receptor, allowing it to interact with downstream effector molecules. The effector molecules, such as phospholipase C (PLC), then catalyze the production of secondary messengers, such as inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). These secondary messengers then trigger a cascade of intracellular signaling events that ultimately lead to a cellular response.

Applications of Recombinant Human GNAQ Protein

Recombinant Human GNAQ Protein has various applications in the field of research and medicine. One of its major applications is in the study of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways. As GNAQ is a key player in these pathways, studying its structure and activity can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of signal transduction.

In addition, Recombinant Human GNAQ Protein has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. Mutations in the GNAQ gene have been found in several types of cancer, such as uveal melanoma and skin melanoma. Therefore, this protein can serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of these diseases.

Moreover, Recombinant Human GNAQ Protein has also been used in drug discovery and development. As GPCRs are one of the most important drug targets, understanding the role of GNAQ in GPCR signaling can aid in the development of new drugs that target these pathways.

Conclusion

In summary, Recombinant Human GNAQ Protein is a crucial protein involved in signal transduction pathways. Its structure and activity have been extensively studied to gain a better understanding of its role in various cellular processes. With its diverse applications in research and medicine, this protein continues to be a topic of interest for scientists and clinicians alike.